Self-report measures have prevented social scientists from gaining an in-depth and accurate understanding of how individuals use their mobile phones to connect in various ways with their personal networks. This study uses a new approach whereby smartphone log data is collected using the Communication Explorer Android application on a panel survey of 233 adults living in the United States and 310 adults living in Japan. In paper we discuss the various ways that this data can be understood, and we compare it to self-report measures collected through an on screen survey.