There is an increasing interest among both researchers and research funders to demonstrate the long-term benefits of the collection of data funded through public funds. Two prominent means through which this can be achieved are through the sharing of research data with secondary users, and through the citation of data by researchers in their publications. This paper aims to better understand the data sharing and data citation behaviours and attitudes of Australian social science researchers both in Australia and internationally. We define these two behaviours as follows: a) data sharing: “the voluntary provision of information from one individual or institution to another for purposes of legitimate scientific research” (Boruch, 1985) b) data citation: “the practice of providing a reference to data in the same way as researchers routinely provide a bibliographic reference to outputs such as journal articles, reports and conference papers” (ANDS, 2011) The study explores researchers’ current and intended data sharing and data citation practices, attitudes towards each behaviour, and perceived social and institutional barriers and supports for data sharing and data citation within their organisation and discipline.