One of the most complex and divisive issues in Australian society is the reality and politics of immigration and refugee resettlement. Building on established scholarship in the area, Shaun Wilson takes a new look at what factors have contributed to a generally positive outlook towards immigration since the 1990s and presents recent survey evidence of trends in public opinion. Shaun also asks whether the rise and fall (and rise again) of right wing populism -- mainly expressed through One Nation -- can be ultimately traced to varying levels of opposition to immigration levels. Shaun argues that there are some signs of 'political learning' involved in protracted debates about immigration with the development of a larger pro-immigration and pro-refugee resettlement cohort among Australian voters. He suggests this represents an important evolution in the politics of immigration since the issue re-emerged in the late 1990s.